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e sensitivity analysis to assess the robustness of model results. Population Groups We subdivided the population into three risk groups based on IDU status: current IDU, IDU in ORT, and non-IDU. Based on current estimates from large U.S. cities, we assumed that Cost Effectiveness of HIV and HCV Screening Variable Total population size, age 1559 Fraction of population that is IDU Fraction of IDUs in ORT HIV Prevalence Overall IDU Non-IDU Hepatitis C Prevalence Overall IDU Non-IDU HCV Treatment Response Genotype 1 or 4: Acute HCV Acute HCV, HIV+ Chronic HCV Base value 2,500,000 1.2% 7% Range Source 0.7% 5% 1.8% 15% 0.47% 6.5% 0.40% 2% 0.30% 15% 0.45% Calculated 1.7% 35% 1.3% 1.4% 14% 1.2% 2.0% 51% 1.4% Calculated 62% 70% PEG-IFN+RBV: 40% PEG-IFN+RBV+PI: 65% 50% 50% 30% 40% 20% 40% 70% 80% 60% 80% 50% 80% Assumed Chronic HCV, HIV+ PEG-IFN+RBV: 30% PEG-IFN+RBV+PI: 65% Genotype 2 or 3: Acute HCV Acute HCV, HIV+ Chronic HCV Chronic HCV, HIV+ SEXUAL BEHAVIOR PARAMETERS Average number of sexual partners per year NON-IDU IDU HIV transmission Acute HIV Asymptomatic HIV Symptomatic HIV GSK343 biological activity Effect of PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22212322 ART on infection risk HCV transmission Acute and chronic HCV Effect of PEG-IFN+RBV or PEG-INF+RBV+PI on infection risk INJECTING BEHAVIOR PARAMETERS Average number of injections per year Fraction of injections that are shared Relative risk of shared-injecting behavior, in ORT HIV transmission Acute HIV Asymptomatic HIV Symptomatic HIV Effect of ART on infection risk HCV transmission Acute and chronic HCV Effect of PEG-IFN+RBV or PEG-IFN+RBV+PI on infection risk COSTS 0.4% 0.5 0.1% 0.1 4.0% 1.0 Estimated, 1.0% 0.12% 0.3% 0.50 0.8% 0.09% 0.25% 0.1 1.2% 0.15% 0.04% 1.0 Assumed the same relative risk of transmission as for sexual contact 700 13% 30% 500 10% 50% 1500 60% 100% 0.0003 0.1 0 0.01 0.002 0.5 Estimated, 0.20 0.025 0.05 0.1 0.10 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.70 0.03 0.075 0.5 Calculated 2 4.3 1.1 2 3 8 62% 70% 82% 66% 50% 50% 60% 50% 70% 80% 88% 80% 3 Cost Effectiveness of HIV and HCV Screening Variable Screening costs Counseling Pre-test counseling Post-test, negative result Post-test, positive result HIV diagnostics Antibody Antibody RNA amplification RNA amplification HCV diagnostics Antibody Antibody RNA amplification RNA amplification Base value Range Source 12.76 7.14 13.84 12.96 67.14 124.24 276.74 CMS, CPT4 86701 CMS, CPT4 86701 +86689 CMS, CPT4 87535 CMS, CPT4 87535 +86689 20.84 85.13 62.54 147.69 CMS, CPT4 86803 CMS, CPT4 86803 +86804 CMS, CPT4 87521 CMS, CPT4 87521 +86804 ART antiretroviral therapy; HIV human immunodeficiency virus; HCV hepatitis C virus; ORT opioid replacement therapy; CMS Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services; CPT4 – Current Procedural Terminology, 4th Edition. The proportion of the population that is IDU and the HIV prevalence among IDUs was estimated as the unweighted average of the 21 Metropolitan Statistical Areas with populations between 1.5 and 5 million. Across these cities there is very wide variation in both parameters, so we performed extensive sensitivity analysis on these inputs. The cities included were: BostonBrocktonNashua, MANH, Washington, DCMDVAWV, Philadelphia, PANJ, Atlanta, GA, Houston, TX, Detroit, MI, Dallas, TX, PhoenixMesa, AZ, RiversideSan Bernardino, CA, Minneapolis, MN, Orange County, CA, San Diego, CA, NassauSuffolk, NY, St. Louis, MOIL, Baltimore, MD, SeattleBellevueEverett, WA, Oakland, CA, TampaSt. PetersburgClearwater, FL, Miami, FL, Denver, CO, Pittsburgh, PA, ClevelandLorainElyria, OH. We exclude