Ed through 200 molybdenum copper mesh,

Ed through 200 molybdenum copper mesh, 1516647 centrifuged, and triturated in growth media supplemented with 5 fetal bovine serum (Gibco, Origin: Australia). Isolated SKM cells were plated at a density of 26105 cells/ml in 24-well clusters (Costar, Corning, NY, USA) which would contain 24 mm diameter coverslips precoated with poly-L-lysine (0.1 mg/ml). The 24-well clusters culture dish is then placed in incubator with proper culture environment, 37uC and 5 CO2. The neuromuscular coculture is prepared as following: Each newly prepared DRG explants was plated into a well with 3-day old SKM culture after confluency myoblast fusion has happened. The coculture with SKM cells is allowed to grow for an additional 6 days with media change every 2 days. The composition of the culture media is DMEM/F-12 (1:1) supplemented with 10 fetal bovine serum (Gibco, Origin: Australia), 2 B-27 supplement (Gibco, Grand Island NY,Materials and Methods Ethics StatementAll animals were cared for in accordance with the National Institute of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (revised 1996; http://www.nap.edu). All procedures described herein were reviewed by and had prior approval by the Ethical Committee for Animal Experimentation of theTarget SKM on Neuronal Migration from DRGUSA), L-glutamine (0.1 mg/ml, Sigma, USA), insulin (0.25 mg/ ml), penicillin (100 U/ml), and streptomycin (100 mg/ml).Observation of morphological relationship between DRG neurons and SKM PD-168393 cellsAt 6 days of culture age, DRG cultures and neuromuscular coculture were processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination. The samples were rinsed quickly once in 0.01 mol/L PBS and prefixed in 2.5 glutaraldehyde 58-49-1 site solution for 12 hours. Post-fixation was done with a 1 osmium tetroxide solution for 90 minutes. After dehydrated in graded ethanol, the samples were treated with dehydrated alcohol/acetone solution (1:1) for 20 minutes, acetone for 30 minutes, and acetone/camphene solution (1:1) for 30 minutes, respectively. Then the samples were treated with liquid camphene twice for 20 minutes each at 45uC. After vacuum drying, the samples were covered with platinum by ion sputtering and examined under SEM (Hitachi S-570).the migrating NF-200-IR neurons in each sample. The numbers of total neurons (MAP-2-IR neurons) were also counted in the same visual field. Then, the percentage of NF-200-IR or GAP-43-IR neurons could be obtained.Real time-PCR analysis of mRNAs for NF-200 and GAP-The mRNA 15755315 levels of NF-200 and GAP-43 in neuromuscular coculture and DRG culture alone at 6 days of culture age were analyzed by real time-PCR analysis. The DRG explants were removed from 24-well clusters by microforceps. The expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA was also determined as an internal control. Total DRG RNA was isolated by TRIzol (TakaRa, Japan). cDNA was synthesized using cDNA synthesis kit (Fermentas, Canada) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, followed by PCR amplification. Specific primers were used together with SYBR green to assess expression levels according to the manufacture’s instructions. PCR were performed at 50uC for 2 minutes, 94uC for 15 minutes, followed by 40 cycles at 94uC for 15 seconds, 58uC for 30 seconds, and 72uC for 30 seconds. In all cases, data were normalized for any minor variations in expression level of the housekeeping gene GAPDH. Data were expressed as fold induction using the 2-DDCt method. Primer sequences for eac.Ed through 200 molybdenum copper mesh, 1516647 centrifuged, and triturated in growth media supplemented with 5 fetal bovine serum (Gibco, Origin: Australia). Isolated SKM cells were plated at a density of 26105 cells/ml in 24-well clusters (Costar, Corning, NY, USA) which would contain 24 mm diameter coverslips precoated with poly-L-lysine (0.1 mg/ml). The 24-well clusters culture dish is then placed in incubator with proper culture environment, 37uC and 5 CO2. The neuromuscular coculture is prepared as following: Each newly prepared DRG explants was plated into a well with 3-day old SKM culture after confluency myoblast fusion has happened. The coculture with SKM cells is allowed to grow for an additional 6 days with media change every 2 days. The composition of the culture media is DMEM/F-12 (1:1) supplemented with 10 fetal bovine serum (Gibco, Origin: Australia), 2 B-27 supplement (Gibco, Grand Island NY,Materials and Methods Ethics StatementAll animals were cared for in accordance with the National Institute of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (revised 1996; http://www.nap.edu). All procedures described herein were reviewed by and had prior approval by the Ethical Committee for Animal Experimentation of theTarget SKM on Neuronal Migration from DRGUSA), L-glutamine (0.1 mg/ml, Sigma, USA), insulin (0.25 mg/ ml), penicillin (100 U/ml), and streptomycin (100 mg/ml).Observation of morphological relationship between DRG neurons and SKM cellsAt 6 days of culture age, DRG cultures and neuromuscular coculture were processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination. The samples were rinsed quickly once in 0.01 mol/L PBS and prefixed in 2.5 glutaraldehyde solution for 12 hours. Post-fixation was done with a 1 osmium tetroxide solution for 90 minutes. After dehydrated in graded ethanol, the samples were treated with dehydrated alcohol/acetone solution (1:1) for 20 minutes, acetone for 30 minutes, and acetone/camphene solution (1:1) for 30 minutes, respectively. Then the samples were treated with liquid camphene twice for 20 minutes each at 45uC. After vacuum drying, the samples were covered with platinum by ion sputtering and examined under SEM (Hitachi S-570).the migrating NF-200-IR neurons in each sample. The numbers of total neurons (MAP-2-IR neurons) were also counted in the same visual field. Then, the percentage of NF-200-IR or GAP-43-IR neurons could be obtained.Real time-PCR analysis of mRNAs for NF-200 and GAP-The mRNA 15755315 levels of NF-200 and GAP-43 in neuromuscular coculture and DRG culture alone at 6 days of culture age were analyzed by real time-PCR analysis. The DRG explants were removed from 24-well clusters by microforceps. The expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA was also determined as an internal control. Total DRG RNA was isolated by TRIzol (TakaRa, Japan). cDNA was synthesized using cDNA synthesis kit (Fermentas, Canada) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, followed by PCR amplification. Specific primers were used together with SYBR green to assess expression levels according to the manufacture’s instructions. PCR were performed at 50uC for 2 minutes, 94uC for 15 minutes, followed by 40 cycles at 94uC for 15 seconds, 58uC for 30 seconds, and 72uC for 30 seconds. In all cases, data were normalized for any minor variations in expression level of the housekeeping gene GAPDH. Data were expressed as fold induction using the 2-DDCt method. Primer sequences for eac.