Education of 70.94 , an expected years of schooling of 10.52, a life expectancy

Education of 70.94 , an expected years of schooling of 10.52, a life expectancy at birth of 77.81 years, a per capita income of R 1.157,43, a Gini index of 0.44, a AM152 supplement percentage of poor people of 1.36 and an infant mortality rate of 10 [17]. The sampling process was completed in two stages: stratified by public high schools (according to density) and clustered by classes considering school shift and grade. To determine the sample size, we followed the procedures suggested by Luiz and Magnanini [18] for a finite population. According to data from the Secretariat of Education of the State of Santa Catarina, we obtained 5,182 students (14?9 years old) who were enrolled in the 2014 school year at 11 eligible public schools of S Jos?and distributed into 170 high school classes (74.8 of students were on the day shift). A confidence level of 1.96 (95 confidence interval), a tolerable error of five percentage points, a prevalence of 50 , and a 1.5 design effect [18] were adopted. We included an additional 20 to compensate for possible losses and refusals and another 20 to control for potential confounders in the association analyses [19]. Under these parameters, the required sample size was 751 students. However, as all students in the selected classes were included, this process resulted in sample larger than estimated, resulting in the collection of data from 1,132 students. For the present study, only individuals who answered all questions regarding the dependent and independent variables were considered, resulting in a sample of 916 adolescents. The sample power for this study was calculated, showing values of 81.8 for the variable sex and 100.0 for the other variables (age, skin colour, school shift and economic level). Data collection was conducted in the second half of 2014.Dependent variableThe clustering of risk factors was identified from the evaluation of lifestyle behaviours: physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, TAK-385 chemical information Sedentary behaviour and unhealthy diet (Table 1). To classify individuals, a score ranging from 0 (no risk behaviour) to 5 (simultaneous presence of five risk behaviours) was used. Physical activity, excessive alcohol consumptionPLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0159037 July 19,3 /Clustering of Risk Factors in AdolescentsTable 1. Description and classification of dependent variables used in the study. VARIABLE Physical inactivity Excessive alcohol consumption Smoking Sedentary behaviour Unhealthy diet DEFINITION Not performing physical activity at least five times per week (60 minutes per day) last week. Ingesting five or more doses (approximately 60 g alcohol) in the same time regardless of frequency. Have smoked one or more cigarettes in the last 30 days. Remain four daily hours or more at the computer, television or video games on weekdays and weekends. Not meeting recommendations of one or more of the following items below: Animal fat (consuming up to three servings daily), sugar, salt, candies and snack (avoid daily consumption). QUESTIONNAIRE YRBS [20] YRBS [20] YRBS [20] Questionnaire Fantastic [20] CLASSIFICATION Strong et al. [22] Rehm et al. [23] WHO [24] Moraes et al. [25]; Silva et al. [10] Rodriquez Anez et al. [21]doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159037.tand smoking behaviours were assessed by the Youth Risk Behaviour Survey (YRBS) questionnaire, which was translated and validated for Brazil [20]. Unhealthy diet was assessed by the Fantastic questionnaire (overconsumption of sugar, sa.Education of 70.94 , an expected years of schooling of 10.52, a life expectancy at birth of 77.81 years, a per capita income of R 1.157,43, a Gini index of 0.44, a percentage of poor people of 1.36 and an infant mortality rate of 10 [17]. The sampling process was completed in two stages: stratified by public high schools (according to density) and clustered by classes considering school shift and grade. To determine the sample size, we followed the procedures suggested by Luiz and Magnanini [18] for a finite population. According to data from the Secretariat of Education of the State of Santa Catarina, we obtained 5,182 students (14?9 years old) who were enrolled in the 2014 school year at 11 eligible public schools of S Jos?and distributed into 170 high school classes (74.8 of students were on the day shift). A confidence level of 1.96 (95 confidence interval), a tolerable error of five percentage points, a prevalence of 50 , and a 1.5 design effect [18] were adopted. We included an additional 20 to compensate for possible losses and refusals and another 20 to control for potential confounders in the association analyses [19]. Under these parameters, the required sample size was 751 students. However, as all students in the selected classes were included, this process resulted in sample larger than estimated, resulting in the collection of data from 1,132 students. For the present study, only individuals who answered all questions regarding the dependent and independent variables were considered, resulting in a sample of 916 adolescents. The sample power for this study was calculated, showing values of 81.8 for the variable sex and 100.0 for the other variables (age, skin colour, school shift and economic level). Data collection was conducted in the second half of 2014.Dependent variableThe clustering of risk factors was identified from the evaluation of lifestyle behaviours: physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, sedentary behaviour and unhealthy diet (Table 1). To classify individuals, a score ranging from 0 (no risk behaviour) to 5 (simultaneous presence of five risk behaviours) was used. Physical activity, excessive alcohol consumptionPLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0159037 July 19,3 /Clustering of Risk Factors in AdolescentsTable 1. Description and classification of dependent variables used in the study. VARIABLE Physical inactivity Excessive alcohol consumption Smoking Sedentary behaviour Unhealthy diet DEFINITION Not performing physical activity at least five times per week (60 minutes per day) last week. Ingesting five or more doses (approximately 60 g alcohol) in the same time regardless of frequency. Have smoked one or more cigarettes in the last 30 days. Remain four daily hours or more at the computer, television or video games on weekdays and weekends. Not meeting recommendations of one or more of the following items below: Animal fat (consuming up to three servings daily), sugar, salt, candies and snack (avoid daily consumption). QUESTIONNAIRE YRBS [20] YRBS [20] YRBS [20] Questionnaire Fantastic [20] CLASSIFICATION Strong et al. [22] Rehm et al. [23] WHO [24] Moraes et al. [25]; Silva et al. [10] Rodriquez Anez et al. [21]doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159037.tand smoking behaviours were assessed by the Youth Risk Behaviour Survey (YRBS) questionnaire, which was translated and validated for Brazil [20]. Unhealthy diet was assessed by the Fantastic questionnaire (overconsumption of sugar, sa.