The Caco2-BBE cell line was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. Since Caco2-BBE cells have mutated p53,

coating. This is in contrast to previous studies in more traditional 3D cell culture systems, in which clear morphological changes with different matrix proteins were observed. This system therefore allowed exploration of matrix interaction independently of morphological changes, which is not possible in alternative model systems. Using a confocal imaging-based readout, it was revealed that cell response to Taxol was clearly dependent on the localization of the cells in question within a given cluster. Cells in contact with collagen I were significantly less responsive to treatment compared to cells present in areas where cell-cell contacts were dominant. Since the cell density was consistent throughout the entire multilayer clusters, we concluded that the observed effect must be purely matrix dependent. An opposite drug response pattern was observed in laminin-coated wells, however the cell density in these clusters did vary, and consequently it was non-trivial to deconvolve the differential effects of cell to matrix and cell to cell interactions. From these results, it can be concluded that the collagen I interaction either directly or indirectly made the cells less responsive to, or protected them from, Taxol treatment. This result is in agreement with observations PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22205030 indicating that breast cancer cells may show reduced drug response after adhesion to collagen. Interestingly, the collagen-specific reduction in drug response, in comparison to laminin, supports the idea that cancer progression promotes higher drug resistance. Collagen I represents a later stage of tumorigenesis where the basement membrane that traditionally separates epithelium from mesenchyme has been damaged or degraded. The reduction in drug response with the z-position in the laminin clusters could be due to other factors such as MedChemExpress Vercirnon enhanced cell to cell interactions in the middle of the cluster and lack of specific integrin engagements in the absence of collagen I. On the contrary, MDA-MB-231 cells cultured as multilayer clusters in collagen-coated microwells showed a tendency for higher proliferation at the interface with the protein in a density-independent manner. This could be explained by the proliferation-promoting effect of collagen I. Hence, the strong effect of dimensionality on proliferation in these cells could be interpreted as a lack of matrix adhesion in the multilayers in comparison to monolayer cultures. The contribution of b1-integrins on the collagen I-dependent effects was confirmed, as blocking this interaction led to a major increase in drug response. This observation correlates with work by Aoudjit, et al., who showed that collagen I-dependent drug response could be related to the collagen I-specific integrin heterodimer a2b1, as well as with our own work, which highlighted the contribution of b1-integrin to cancerous behavior. Interestingly, blocking the b1-integrin also induced reduced cell proliferation indicating an inverse relationship between proliferation and drug response. This last point may be considered important in the study of drug efficacies in cancer, especially in cancer instigating cells, e.g., cancer stem cells that are known for their self renewal capabilities, their strong dependency on a physical ECM containing niche, as well as for their low proliferative rates. The Role of Cell Density in the Drug Response in Multilayer Cell Clusters In a central experiment, the new platform was used to study the importance of cell density i